"Umphefumulo" Wetiyetha kanye Nezindlu ze-Opera: Indlela Amasistimu Womsindo Abhala Ngayo Ngokuphelele Ukuvezwa Kobucikoszungeza

Ezindaweni zobuciko zetiyetha nezindlu ze-opera, sifuna ukunyakaziswa okukhulu ngokomzwelo: amazwi abadlali ahlaba umphefumulo, imidlalo ye-orchestra emboza umzimba, kanye nokulethwa okuhlukahlukene kwemigqa evusa uzwela olungenamkhawulo. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi sikhala kufanele sibe umbuso womsindo wemvelo omsulwa. Nokho, ezindaweni zokusebenza zesimanjemanje ezinkulu, isistimu yomsindo esezingeni eliphezulu ayisona isigebengu sobuciko kodwa “umphefumulo” oveza kahle umsindo wemvelo futhi ukhulise imizwelo ngokungapheli. Umgomo wawo ophakeme uwukuthola umsindo olinganiselayo ozwakalayo “ongabonakali” ezithamelini, okuvumela ubuchwepheshe ukuthi busebenze njengenceku yobuciko ethembeke kakhulu.

Isiqalo sayo yonke ibhalansi ilele ekuthwebuleni okunenhlonipho komsindo ongahluziwe.Gizigaba zamarandi kanye nokuphelezelwa okunamandla kwama-orchestra, ukudlalwa kwezwi kwabadlali kufinyelela umkhawulo wabo ngokuya nge-dynamics kanye nokungena. Njengamanje, imibhobho yekhwalithi ephezulu idlala indima ebalulekile “njengabalaleli abangabonakali” ababaluleke kakhulu.

Lawa makrofoni—mhlawumbe amamodeli agqokwa ekhanda afihlwe ezinweleni zabadlali noma kwezinanyathiselwe ezingutsheni—kufanele abe nokuzwela okukhethekile nomsindo wangemuva ophansi kakhulu. Inhloso yabo akukhona ukushintsha kodwa ukuthwebula ngokwethembeka: ukushintsha okucashile ekuphefumuleni komculi ngenkathi ecula, ukundindizela okuthambile kwemizwa emigqeni ekhulunywayo yomdlali. Lokhu ukuhlonipha okuyisisekelo kakhulu kwenqubo yokudala yeciko, ehlinzeka ngezinto ezihlanzekile neziyiqiniso kakhulu zokwakheka komsindo okulandelayo.

Uma umsindo oyiqiniso uthwetshulwa ngokuphelele, ungena esigabeni esiyinhloko sokudala—ukukhiqizwa kabusha kobuciko nokuphakama ngohlelo lomsindo oluchwepheshile. Lokhu kukude nokukhuliswa kwevolumu, kodwa kuyisifanekiso esiqoshiwe se-acoustic esicophelelayo.

Isistimu yomsindo yezinga eliphezulu, enezipikha eziyinhloko nezikhulumi eziyisekelayo ezifihlwe ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sezakhiwo, idala inkambu yomsindo efanayo futhi egxilile. Iphrosesa yedijithali yomsindo, esebenza “njengobuchopho” bohlelo, icubungula ngobuhlakani amasignali asuka kumakrofoni: ingase ithuthukise ngobuqili ukucaca okumaphakathi kwefrikhwensi yengxoxo, iqinisekise ukuthi wonke umugqa obalulekile ushiwo ngokucacile futhi uthinta imizwa; yengeza nje isaga esilungile sendawo ephimbweni lomuntu oyedwa, iwaxube kalula nezici zetiyetha ze-acoustic; futhi ilawula ngamandla amazinga evolumu, ivumela yonke into kusukela ekububuleni kuye ekukhaleni okudabukisayo ukuthi inikezwe ngezendlalelo ezihlukene kanye nokuba ngokoqobo kwemvelo.

Yonke le mizamo ihlose umgomo owodwa: ukwenza umsindo ubonakale sengathi ukhishwe ngokwemvelo endaweni yomlingisi, ukuxubana ngaphandle komthungo nezinsimbi ze-acoustic emgodini we-orchestra. Izithameli zithola umthelela wobuciko othuthukisiwe, hhayi umkhondo wezinto zogesi. Leli inani langempela lomsindo wochwepheshe wekhwalithi ephezulu—njengebhulashi elingabonakali, icwenga ngokucophelela ikhanvasi yomsindo ngaphandle kokuveza ubukhona bokushaywa kwayo.

Uma i-aria yeqhawekazi, iphathwa isistimu yomsindo, igcina ukuthungwa kwemvelo kwezwi kuyilapho igcwele ubuhle obumangalisayo; lapho imigqa ewumqoka, edluliswa ngombhobho, iletha yonke imizwa ecashile ezinhliziyweni zezethameli, sibona inyunyana ephelele kakhulu yobuchwepheshe nobuciko.