“Umphefumulo” Wezinkundla Zemidlalo Nezindlu Ze-Opera: Indlela Izinhlelo Zomsindo Ezilinganisela Ngayo Ngokuphelele Ukuvezwa Kobucikosi-ound

Ezindaweni zobuciko zeshashalazi nezindlu ze-opera, sifuna ukuzwakala kwemizwa okungapheli: amazwi abadlali ahlaba umphefumulo, imidlalo ye-orchestra emboza umzimba, kanye nokwethulwa okunemininingwane kwemigqa evusa uzwela olungenamkhawulo. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi sikhala kufanele sibe umbuso womsindo wemvelo omsulwa. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni zesimanje ezinkulu zemidlalo, uhlelo lomsindo olusezingeni eliphezulu aluyona into ephazamisa ubuciko kodwa kunalokho "umphefumulo" owembula kahle umsindo wemvelo futhi wandise imizwa ngokungenamkhawulo. Umsebenzi wawo ophakeme ukufeza umsindo olinganiselayo obucayi "ongabonakali" ezilalelini, okuvumela ubuchwepheshe ukuthi busebenze njengenceku yobuciko ethembekile kakhulu.

Isiqalo salo lonke ibhalansi sisekubambeni umsindo ongavuthiwe ngenhlonipho.GIzigaba zama-rand kanye nokuhambisana okunamandla kwama-orchestra, ukusebenza kwabadlali ngezwi kufinyelela imikhawulo yabo ngokwe-dynamics kanye nokungena. Okwamanje, ama-microphone asezingeni eliphezulu adlala indima ebalulekile "njengabalaleli abangabonakali" ababalulekile.

Lawa ma-microphone—mhlawumbe amamodeli agqokwa ekhanda afihliwe ezinweleni zabadlali noma afakwe emahlombe anamathiselwe ezingutsheni—kumele abe nokuzwela okungavamile nomsindo ophansi kakhulu wangemuva. Inhloso yawo akukhona ukushintsha kodwa ukubamba ngokwethembeka: ukushintsha okucashile komoya womculi ngenkathi edlala, ukuthuthumela okubucayi kwemizwelo emigqeni ekhulunywa ngumdlali. Lena inhlonipho eyisisekelo yenqubo yokudala yomculi, enikeza izinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlanzekile neziyiqiniso kakhulu zokubumba umsindo okulandelayo.

Uma umsindo oyiqiniso kakhulu uthwetshulwa kahle, ungena esigabeni esiyinhloko sokudalwa—ukukhiqiza kabusha nokuphakamisa ubuciko ngohlelo lomsindo lochwepheshe. Lokhu akusikho nje ukukhulisa ivolumu, kodwa kunalokho kuyisithombe esiqoshiwe esinobuciko.

Uhlelo lomsindo olusezingeni eliphezulu, olunezikhulumi eziyinhloko nezikhulumi ezisizayo ezifihliwe ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sokwakha, ludala insimu yomsindo efanayo neyokuzithokozisa. Iprosesa yomsindo yedijithali, esebenza "njengobuchopho" besistimu, icubungula ngobuhlakani izimpawu ezivela kuma-microphone: ingathuthukisa ngobuhlakani ukucaca kwenkulumo ephakathi, iqinisekise ukuthi yonke imigqa eyinhloko icacisiwe kahle futhi ithinta ngokomzwelo; ingeza isaga sendawo esifanele kumazwi odwa, iwahlanganisa ngokungenamthungo nezici ze-acoustic ezingokwemvelo zethiyetha; futhi ilawula amazinga evolumu ngamandla, ivumela konke kusukela ekububuleni kuya ekukhaleni okudabukisayo ukuthi kwenziwe ngezendlalelo ezihlukile kanye nokuba ngokoqobo kwemvelo.

Yonke le mizamo ihlose umgomo owodwa: ukwenza umsindo ubonakale sengathi ukhishwe ngokwemvelo esikhundleni somdlali, uhlangana kahle nezinsimbi zomculo ezidlala umculo we-acoustic endaweni ye-orchestra. Izilaleli zithola umthelela wobuciko othuthukisiwe, hhayi umkhondo wemishini kagesi. Lokhu kuyinani langempela lomsindo wochwepheshe osezingeni eliphezulu—njengebhulashi elingabonakali, lilungisa ngokucophelela indwangu yomsindo ngaphandle kokwembula ukuba khona kwemivimbo yawo.

Lapho i-aria yeqhawekazi, ephethwe uhlelo lomsindo, igcina ukuthungwa kwemvelo kwezwi ngenkathi igcwele ubukhulu obumangalisayo; lapho imigqa yedrama ebalulekile, edluliselwa ngemakrofoni, iletha yonke imizwa ecashile ezinhliziyweni zezilaleli, sibona ukuhlangana okuphelele kakhulu kobuchwepheshe nobuciko.