Umphumela wokusebenza kohlelo lomsindo unqunywa ngokubambisana yimishini yomthombo womsindo kanye nokuqinisa umsindo kwesigaba esilandelayo, okuhlanganisa umthombo womsindo, ukushuna, imishini yangaphandle, ukuqinisa umsindo kanye nemishini yokuxhuma.

1. Uhlelo lomthombo womsindo

Imakrofoni iyisixhumanisi sokuqala sohlelo lonke lokuqinisa umsindo noma uhlelo lokurekhoda, futhi ikhwalithi yayo ithinta ngqo ikhwalithi yesistimu yonke. Amamakrofoni ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: anezintambo kanye nangenantambo ngokwendlela yokudlulisa isignali.

Amamakrofoni angenantambo afaneleka kakhulu ekuthatheni imithombo yomsindo yeselula. Ukuze kube lula ukuqoqwa komsindo ngezikhathi ezahlukene, uhlelo ngalunye lwemakrofoni olungenantambo lungafakelwa imakrofoni ephathwa ngesandla kanye nemakrofoni yeLavalier. Njengoba isitudiyo sinesistimu yokuqinisa umsindo ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kugwenywe impendulo ye-acoustic, imakrofoni ephathwa ngesandla engenantambo kufanele isebenzise imakrofoni ekhuluma eduze kwe-cardioid unidirectional ukuze kuthathwe inkulumo nokucula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lwemakrofoni olungenantambo kufanele lusebenzise ubuchwepheshe bokwamukela obuhlukahlukene, obungagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwesignali eyamukelwe, kodwa futhi busize ekuqedeni i-engeli efile kanye nendawo engaboni yesignali eyamukelwe.

Imakrofoni enezintambo ine-microphone enemisebenzi eminingi, izikhathi eziningi, nezinga eliningi. Ukuze kuthathwe okuqukethwe kolimi noma kokucula, ama-microphone e-cardioid condenser ngokuvamile asetshenziswa, futhi ama-microphone e-electret agqokwayo angasetshenziswa nasezindaweni ezinemithombo yomsindo engaguquki; ama-microphone e-condenser aqondiswe kakhulu ohlobo lwemakrofoni angasetshenziswa ukuthola imiphumela yemvelo; izinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa Ama-microphone e-moving coil azwela kancane; ama-microphone e-condenser aphezulu ezintambo, amakhibhodi nezinye izinsimbi zomculo; ama-microphone e-close-talk aqondiswe kakhulu angasetshenziswa lapho izidingo zomsindo wendawo ziphezulu; ama-microphone e-condenser e-gooseneck eyodwa kufanele asetshenziswe uma kucatshangelwa ukuguquguquka kwabadlali bemidlalo yaseshashalazini abakhulu.

Inombolo kanye nohlobo lwama-microphone kungakhethwa ngokwezidingo zangempela zesayithi.

2. Uhlelo lokulungisa

Ingxenye eyinhloko yesistimu yokulungisa i-mixer, engakhulisa, inciphise, futhi ilungise ngokuguquguqukayo izimpawu zomthombo womsindo wokufaka zamazinga ahlukene kanye ne-impedance; sebenzisa i-equalizer enamathiselwe ukucubungula ibhendi ngayinye yemvamisa yesignali; Ngemva kokulungisa isilinganiso sokuxuba sesignali ngayinye yesiteshi, isiteshi ngasinye siyabelwa futhi sithunyelwe ekugcineni ngakunye kokwamukela; lawula isignali yokuqinisa umsindo bukhoma kanye nesignali yokurekhoda.

Kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzinake lapho usebenzisa i-mixer. Okokuqala, khetha izingxenye zokufaka ezinomthamo omkhulu wokuthwala imbobo yokufaka kanye nokuphendula okuvama okubanzi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungakhetha ukufaka imakrofoni noma ukufaka umugqa. Okungenayo ngakunye kunenkinobho yokulawula izinga eliqhubekayo kanye neswishi yamandla e-phantom engu-48V. . Ngale ndlela, ingxenye yokufaka yesiteshi ngasinye ingenza ngcono izinga lesignali yokufaka ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa. Okwesibili, ngenxa yezinkinga zempendulo kanye nokuqapha ukubuya kwesigaba ekuqiniseni umsindo, Ukulingana okwengeziwe kwezingxenye zokufaka, okukhiphayo okusizayo kanye nokukhiphayo kweqembu, kungcono, futhi ukulawula kulula. Okwesithathu, ngokuphepha nokuthembeka kohlelo, i-mixer ingafakelwa izinsiza ezimbili zamandla eziyinhloko nezilindile, futhi ingashintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lungisa futhi ulawule isigaba sesignali yomsindo), ama-port okufaka nokuphumayo kungcono ama-socket e-XLR.

3. Imishini engaphandle

Ukuqinisa umsindo endaweni kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinga lokucindezela komsindo likhulu ngokwanele ngaphandle kokukhiqiza impendulo ye-acoustic, ukuze izikhulumi nama-amplifiers anamandla avikelwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kugcinwe ukucaca komsindo, kodwa futhi ukuze kulungiswe ukushiyeka kokuqina komsindo, kuyadingeka ukufaka imishini yokucubungula umsindo phakathi kwe-mixer ne-amplifiers yamandla, njengezilinganisi, ama-feedback suppressors, ama-compressor, ama-exciter, ama-frequency dividers, i-Sound distributor.

I-frequency equalizer kanye ne-feedback suppressor kusetshenziselwa ukucindezela impendulo yomsindo, ukulungisa amaphutha omsindo, nokuqinisekisa ukucaca komsindo. I-compressor isetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-power amplifier ngeke ibangele ukugcwala ngokweqile noma ukuphambuka lapho ihlangana nenani elikhulu lesignali yokufaka, futhi ingavikela i-power amplifier kanye nezipikha. I-exciter isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa umphumela womsindo, okungukuthi, ukuthuthukisa umbala womsindo, ukungena, kanye ne-stereo Sense, ukucaca kanye nomphumela we-bass. I-frequency divider isetshenziselwa ukuthumela izimpawu zama-frequency band ahlukene kuma-power amplifier awo ahambisanayo, kanti ama-power amplifier akhulisa izimpawu zomsindo futhi azikhiphe ezipikheni. Uma ufuna ukukhiqiza uhlelo lomphumela wobuciko olusezingeni eliphezulu, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-electronic crossover enezingxenye ezintathu ekwakhiweni kohlelo lokuqinisa umsindo.

Kunezinkinga eziningi ekufakweni kwesistimu yomsindo. Ukucatshangelwa okungafanele kwesikhundla sokuxhuma kanye nokulandelana kwemishini engaphandle kuholela ekusebenzeni okunganele kwemishini, futhi ngisho nemishini iyashiswa. Ukuxhumeka kwemishini engaphandle ngokuvamile kudinga ukuhleleka: i-equalizer itholakala ngemuva kwe-mixer; futhi i-feedback suppressor akufanele ibekwe ngaphambi kwe-equalizer. Uma i-feedback suppressor ibekwe phambi kwe-equalizer, kunzima ukuyisusa ngokuphelele impendulo ye-acoustic, engayivumeli ukulungiswa kwe-Feedback suppressor; i-compressor kufanele ibekwe ngemuva kwe-equalizer kanye ne-feedback suppressor, ngoba umsebenzi oyinhloko we-compressor ukucindezela amasignali amaningi nokuvikela i-power amplifier kanye nezipikha; i-exciter ixhunywe phambi kwe-power amplifier; I-electronic crossover ixhunywe ngaphambi kwe-power amplifier njengoba kudingeka.

Ukuze uhlelo oluqoshiwe luthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu, amapharamitha e-compressor kumele alungiswe ngendlela efanele. Uma i-compressor ingena esimweni esicindezelwe, izoba nomthelela omubi emsindweni, ngakho zama ukugwema i-compressor esimweni esicindezelwe isikhathi eside. Isimiso esiyisisekelo sokuxhuma i-compressor esiteshini esikhulu sokwandisa ukuthi imishini engemuva kwayo akufanele ibe nomsebenzi wokukhulisa isignali ngangokunokwenzeka, ngaphandle kwalokho i-compressor ayikwazi ukudlala indima yokuvikela nhlobo. Yingakho i-equalizer kufanele ibekwe phambi kwe-feedback suppressor, futhi i-compressor ibekwe ngemuva kwe-feedback suppressor.

I-exciter isebenzisa izimo zengqondo zabantu ukudala izingxenye ze-harmonic ezihambisana nemvamisa ephezulu ngokwemvamisa eyisisekelo yomsindo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umsebenzi wokukhulisa imvamisa ephansi ungadala izingxenye ezicebile ezihambisana nemvamisa ephansi futhi uthuthukise ithoni. Ngakho-ke, isignali yomsindo ekhiqizwa yi-exciter inebhendi yemvamisa ebanzi kakhulu. Uma ibhendi yemvamisa ye-compressor ibanzi kakhulu, kungenzeka ngokuphelele ukuthi i-exciter ixhunywe ngaphambi kwe-compressor.

Isihlukanisi semvamisa kagesi sixhunywe phambi kwe-amplifier yamandla njengoba kudingeka ukuze kulungiswe amaphutha abangelwa yindawo kanye nokusabela kwemvamisa kwemithombo yomsindo yohlelo ehlukene; imbi kakhulu ukuthi ukuxhumana kanye nokulungisa amaphutha kuyakhathaza futhi kulula ukukudala izingozi. Njengamanje, sekuvele ama-processor omsindo wedijithali, ahlanganisa imisebenzi engenhla, futhi angaba ahlakaniphile, alula ukuwasebenzisa, futhi angcono kakhulu ekusebenzeni.

4. Uhlelo lokuqinisa umsindo

Uhlelo lokuqinisa umsindo kufanele luqaphele ukuthi kumele luhlangabezane namandla omsindo kanye nokufana kwensimu yomsindo; ukumiswa okufanele kwezikhulumi ezibukhoma kungathuthukisa ukucaca kokuqinisa umsindo, kunciphise ukulahlekelwa kwamandla omsindo kanye nempendulo ye-acoustic; amandla kagesi aphelele ohlelo lokuqinisa umsindo kufanele agcinelwe u-30%-50% wamandla agciniwe; sebenzisa ama-headphone okuqapha angenantambo.

5. Ukuxhumeka kwesistimu

Ukufanisa i-impedance kanye nokufanisa izinga kufanele kucatshangelwe endabeni yokuxhumana kwedivayisi. Ibhalansi kanye nokungalingani kuhlobene nendawo yokubhekisela. Inani lokumelana (inani le-impedance) lazo zombili iziphetho zesignali phansi liyalingana, kanti i-polarity iphambene, okuwukufaka noma ukukhipha okulinganiselayo. Njengoba izimpawu zokuphazamiseka ezitholwe yiziphetho ezimbili ezilinganiselayo zinenani elifanayo kanye ne-polarity efanayo, izimpawu zokuphazamiseka zingakhanselana ngomthwalo wokudlulisela okulinganiselayo. Ngakho-ke, isekethe elinganiselayo inekhono elingcono lokucindezela imodi evamile kanye nekhono lokulwa nokuphazamiseka. Iningi lemishini yomsindo yobungcweti isebenzisa ukuxhumana okulinganiselayo.

Ukuxhumeka kwesipikha kufanele kusebenzise amasethi amaningi ezintambo zesipikha ezimfushane ukuze kuncishiswe ukumelana komugqa. Ngenxa yokuthi ukumelana komugqa kanye nokumelana kokukhipha kwe-amplifier yamandla kuzothinta inani eliphansi lemvamisa ye-Q yesistimu yesipikha, izici zesikhashana zemvamisa ephansi zizoba zimbi kakhulu, futhi umugqa wokudlulisela uzokhiqiza ukuphambuka ngesikhathi sokudlulisa izimpawu zomsindo. Ngenxa ye-capacitance esabalalisiwe kanye ne-inductance esabalalisiwe yomugqa wokudlulisela, zombili zinezici ezithile zemvamisa. Njengoba isiginali yakhiwe izingxenye eziningi zemvamisa, lapho iqembu lezibonakaliso zomsindo ezakhiwe izingxenye eziningi zemvamisa lidlula emgqeni wokudlulisela, ukubambezeleka kanye nokuncipha okubangelwa izingxenye ezahlukene zemvamisa kuhlukile, okuholela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuphambuka kwe-amplitude kanye nokuphambuka kwesigaba. Ngokuvamile, ukuphambuka kuhlala kukhona. Ngokwesimo somqondo somugqa wokudlulisela, isimo sokungabi nakulahlekelwa se-R=G=0 ngeke sibangele ukuphambuka, futhi ukungabi nakulahlekelwa okuphelele nakho akunakwenzeka. Endabeni yokulahlekelwa okulinganiselwe, isimo sokudlulisa isiginali ngaphandle kokuphambuka yi-L/R=C/G, kanti umugqa wokudlulisela ofanayo uhlala uyi-L/R.

6. Ukulungisa amaphutha ohlelweni

Ngaphambi kokulungisa, qala usethe ijika lezinga lesistimu ukuze izinga lesignali lezinga ngalinye libe ngaphakathi kwebanga eliguquguqukayo ledivayisi, futhi ngeke kube khona ukunqunywa okungekho emgqeni ngenxa yezinga lesignali eliphezulu kakhulu, noma izinga lesignali eliphansi kakhulu ukubangela ukuqhathaniswa kwesignali nomsindo. Kubi, lapho kusethwa ijika lezinga lesistimu, ijika lezinga le-mixer libaluleke kakhulu. Ngemva kokusetha izinga, isici semvamisa yesistimu singalungiswa.

Imishini yesimanje yobuchwepheshe be-electro-acoustic enekhwalithi engcono ngokuvamile inezimpawu zemvamisa ezisicaba kakhulu ebangeni lika-20Hz-20KHz. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuxhumeka kwamazinga amaningi, ikakhulukazi izikhulumi, zingase zingabi nezici zemvamisa ezisicaba kakhulu. Indlela yokulungisa enembile kakhulu yindlela yokuhlaziya umsindo we-pink noise-spectrum. Inqubo yokulungisa yale ndlela ukufaka umsindo we-pink ohlelweni lomsindo, ukuwuphinda ngesipikha, bese usebenzisa imakrofoni yokuhlola ukuze uphakamise umsindo endaweni engcono kakhulu yokulalela ehholo. Imakrofoni yokuhlola ixhunywe ku-spectrum analyzer, i-spectrum analyzer ingabonisa izici zemvamisa ye-amplitude yesistimu yomsindo wehholo, bese ilungisa ngokucophelela i-equalizer ngokwemiphumela yokulinganisa i-spectrum ukuze yenze izici zemvamisa ye-amplitude ziphelele zibe zisicaba. Ngemva kokulungisa, kungcono ukuhlola ama-waveforms ezinga ngalinye nge-oscilloscope ukuze ubone ukuthi izinga elithile linokuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukulungiswa okukhulu kwe-equalizer.

Ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu kufanele kuqaphele: i-voltage yokunikezwa kwamandla kufanele izinzile; igobolondo ledivayisi ngayinye kufanele libe nesisekelo esihle ukuze kuvinjelwe umsindo; ukungena kanye nokukhipha isignali kufanele kulinganiswe; kuvimbele izintambo ezikhululekile kanye nokushisela okungajwayelekile.