Umthelela wokusebenza kwesistimu yomsindo unqunywa ngokuhlanganyela impahla yomthombo womsindo kanye nokuqinisa umsindo esiteji esilandelayo, okuhlanganisa umthombo womsindo, ukushuna, okokusebenza okuseceleni kocingo, isiqiniseko somsindo nempahla yokuxhuma.

1. Uhlelo lomthombo womsindo

Imakrofoni iyisixhumanisi sokuqala salo lonke uhlelo lokuqinisa umsindo noma uhlelo lokurekhoda, futhi ikhwalithi yayo ithinta ngqo ikhwalithi yalo lonke uhlelo.Imakrofoni ihlukaniswe yaba izigaba ezimbili: ezinezintambo nezingenazintambo ngokohlobo lokudluliswa kwesignali.

Amamakrofoni angenantambo afaneleka kakhulu ukucosha imithombo yomsindo weselula.Ukuze kube lula ukulandwa komsindo ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, isistimu yemakrofoni engenantambo ngayinye ingafakwa imakrofoni ephathwa ngesandla kanye nemakrofoni ye-Lavalier.Njengoba isitudiyo sinesistimu yokuqinisa umsindo ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze ugweme impendulo ye-acoustic, imakrofoni ephathwa ngesandla engenantambo kufanele isebenzise imakrofoni yokukhuluma eduze kwe-cardioid unidirectional ukuze kuthathwe inkulumo nokucula.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lwe-microphone olungenantambo kufanele lwamukele ubuchwepheshe bokwamukela ukuhlukahluka, obungakwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwesignali eyamukelwe, kodwa futhi kusize ukuqeda i-angle efile kanye nendawo eyimpumputhe yesiginali eyamukelwe.

Imakrofoni enentambo ine-multi-function, i-multi-occasion, ukulungiselelwa kwemakrofoni yamabanga amaningi.Ukuze kulandwe ulimi noma okuqukethwe okuculayo, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa imibhobho ye-cardioid condenser, futhi amamakrofoni e-electret agqokekayo nawo angasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinemithombo yomsindo engashintshi;Imakrofoni yohlobo lwe-microphone condenser super-directional ingasetshenziswa ukuthatha imiphumela yemvelo;izinsimbi ezishaywayo ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa imibhobho yekhoyili ezwela kancane;imibhobho ye-condenser ephezulu yezintambo, amakhibhodi nezinye izinsimbi zomculo;imibhobho ye-close-talk ene-high-directivity ingasetshenziswa uma izidingo zomsindo wemvelo ziphezulu;ama-microphone we-condenser wephoyinti elilodwa le-gooseneck kufanele asetshenziswe kucatshangelwa ukuguquguquka kwabalingisi betiyetha abakhulu .

Inombolo kanye nohlobo lwamakrofoni kungakhethwa ngokuya ngezidingo zangempela zesayithi.

2. Uhlelo lokushuna

Ingxenye eyinhloko yesistimu yokushuna i-mixer, engakhulisa, inciphise, futhi ilungise ngokuguquguqukayo amasignali omthombo womsindo wokufakwayo wamazinga ahlukene kanye ne-impedance;sebenzisa isilinganisi esinamathiselwe ukucubungula ibhande ngalinye lemvamisa yesiginali;Ngemva kokulungisa isilinganiso sokuxuba sesignali yesiteshi ngasinye, isiteshi ngasinye sabelwe futhi sithunyelwe endaweni ngayinye yokwamukela;lawula isignali yokuqinisa umsindo obukhoma nesignali yokurekhoda.

Kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzinake lapho usebenzisa i-mixer.Okokuqala, khetha izingxenye zokufaka ezinomthamo omkhulu wokuthwala imbobo kanye nokuphendula okuvama okubanzi ngangokunokwenzeka.Ungakhetha okokufaka kwemakrofoni noma okokufaka komugqa.Okokufaka ngakunye kunenkinobho yokulawula ileveli eqhubekayo kanye neswishi yamandla e-phantom engu-48V..Ngale ndlela, ingxenye yokokufaka yesiteshi ngasinye ingathuthukisa izinga lesignali yokufaka ngaphambi kokucubungula.Okwesibili, ngenxa yezinkinga zempendulo kanye nokuqapha ukubuya kwesiteji ekuqinisweni komsindo, Ukulinganisa okwengeziwe kwezingxenye zokufakwayo, okuphumayo okuyisizayo nokuphuma kweqembu, kungcono, nokulawula kulula.Okwesithathu, ukuphepha nokuthembeka kohlelo, i-mixer ingahlonywa amandla amabili amakhulu kanye nokubekwe eceleni, futhi ingashintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo.Lungisa futhi ulawule isigaba sesignali yomsindo), amachweba okufaka nokuphumayo angcono kakhulu amasokhethi e-XLR.

3. Imishini yocingo

Ukuqinisa umsindo kusayithi kufanele kuqinisekise ileveli yokucindezela komsindo omkhulu ngokwanele ngaphandle kokukhiqiza impendulo ye-acoustic, ukuze izipikha nezikhulisamandla zivikeleke.Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuze kugcinwe ukucaca komsindo, kepha futhi nokwenza ukushiyeka kokuqina komsindo, kuyadingeka ukufaka imishini yokucubungula umsindo phakathi kwe-mixer kanye ne-amplifier yamandla, njengezilinganisi, abacindezela impendulo. , ama-compressor, ama-exciters, ama-frequency dividers, Umsabalalisi womsindo.

Isilinganisi semvamisa nesicindezeli sempendulo sisetshenziselwa ukucindezela impendulo yomsindo, ukwenza ukonakala komsindo, nokuqinisekisa ukucaca komsindo.I-compressor isetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhulisi samandla ngeke sibangele ukugcwala noma ukuphazamiseka lapho sihlangabezana nenani eliphakeme lesignali yokufaka, futhi singavikela isikhulisi samandla nezipikha.I-exciter isetshenziselwa ukwenza kube muhle umphumela womsindo, okungukuthi, ukuthuthukisa umbala womsindo, ukungena, ne-stereo Sense, ukucaca kanye nomphumela webhesi.I-frequency divider isetshenziselwa ukuthumela amasignali amabhendi efrikhwensi ahlukene kuma-amplifiers ahambisanayo, futhi izikhulisamandla zikhulisa amasignali omsindo futhi ziwakhiphele kuzipikha.Uma ufuna ukukhiqiza uhlelo lwezinga eliphezulu lomphumela wobuciko, kufaneleka kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-crossover ye-electronic ingxenye engu-3 ekwakhiweni kwesistimu yokuqinisa umsindo.

Kunezinkinga eziningi ekufakweni kwesistimu yomsindo.Ukucatshangelwa okungalungile kwesikhundla sokuxhuma nokulandelana kwemishini ye-peripheral kubangela ukusebenza okunganele kwemishini, ngisho nemishini iyashiswa.Ukuxhumeka kwemishini ye-peripheral ngokuvamile kudinga ukuhleleka: i-equalizer itholakala ngemva komxube;futhi umcindezeli wempendulo akufanele abekwe ngaphambi kwesilinganisi.Uma umcindezeli wempendulo ebekwe phambi kwesilinganisi, kunzima ukuqeda ngokuphelele impendulo ye-acoustic, engahambisani nokulungiswa kwe-Feedback suppressor;i-compressor kufanele ibekwe ngemuva kwe-equalizer kanye nokucindezela impendulo, ngoba umsebenzi oyinhloko we-compressor ukucindezela amasignali ngokweqile nokuvikela i-amplifier yamandla nezikhulumi;i-exciter ixhunywe phambi kwe-amplifier yamandla;I-crossover ye-elekthronikhi ixhunywe ngaphambi kwe-amplifier yamandla njengoba kudingeka.

Ukwenza uhlelo olurekhodiwe luthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu, imingcele ye-compressor kufanele ilungiswe ngokufanele.Uma i-compressor ingena esimweni esicindezelekile, izoba nomthelela olimazayo kumsindo, ngakho-ke zama ukugwema i-compressor esimweni esicindezelwe isikhathi eside.Isimiso esiyisisekelo sokuxhuma i-compressor esiteshini esikhulu sokwandisa ukuthi imishini ye-peripheral ngemuva kwakhe akufanele ibe nomsebenzi wokukhulisa isignali ngangokunokwenzeka, ngaphandle kwalokho i-compressor ayikwazi ukudlala indima yokuzivikela nhlobo.Yingakho i-equalizer kufanele itholakale ngaphambi komcindezeli wempendulo, futhi i-compressor itholakala ngemva kokucindezela impendulo.

I-exciter isebenzisa izenzakalo ze-psychoacoustic yomuntu ukuze idale izingxenye ze-harmonic ze-high-frequency ngokuvumelana nemvamisa eyisisekelo yomsindo.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umsebenzi wokunweba we-low-frequency ungakha izingxenye ezicebile ze-low-frequency futhi uthuthukise ithoni.Ngakho-ke, isignali yomsindo ekhiqizwa i-exciter inebhendi yefrikhwensi ebanzi kakhulu.Uma i-frequency band ye-compressor ibanzi kakhulu, kungenzeka ngokuphelele ukuthi i-exciter ixhunywe ngaphambi kwe-compressor.

Isihlukanisi sefrikhwensi ye-elekthronikhi sixhunywe phambi kwesikhulisi samandla njengoba sidingeka ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukukhubazeka okubangelwa indawo ezungezile kanye nokusabela kwemvamisa yemithombo yomsindo yohlelo ehlukene;okubi kakhulu ukuthi ukuxhumana nokulungisa iphutha kuyinkinga futhi kulula ukudala izingozi.Njengamanje, sekuvele ama-digital audio processors, ahlanganisa le misebenzi engenhla, futhi angaba ahlakaniphile, alula ukusebenza, futhi aphakeme ekusebenzeni.

4. Uhlelo lokuqinisa umsindo

Uhlelo lokuqinisa umsindo kufanele lunake ukuthi kufanele luhlangabezane namandla omsindo nokufana kwenkundla yomsindo;ukumiswa okulungile kwezikhulumi ezibukhoma kungathuthukisa ukucaca kokuqiniswa komsindo, ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla omsindo kanye nempendulo ye-acoustic;amandla kagesi aphelele ohlelo lokuqinisa umsindo kufanele abekelwe u-30% -50 % Wamandla abekiwe;sebenzisa ama-headphone okuqapha angenantambo.

5. Ukuxhumana kwesistimu

Ukumatanisa kokuphazamiseka kanye nokufanisa izinga kufanele kucatshangelwe endabeni yokuxhuma idivayisi.Ibhalansi nokungalingani kuhlobene nendawo eyireferensi.Inani lokumelana (I-Impedance value) yazo zombili iziphetho zesignali eya phansi iyalingana, futhi i-polarity iphambene, okuwukufaka okulinganiselayo noma okukhiphayo.Njengoba amasiginali wokuphazamiseka atholwe amatheminali amabili abhalansile ngokuyisisekelo anenani elifanayo kanye ne-polarity efanayo, amasignali okuphazamisa angakhansela omunye nomunye emthwalweni wokudlulisela okulingana.Ngakho-ke, isifunda esilinganiselwe sinokucindezelwa kwemodi evamile kanye nekhono lokulwa nokuphazamiseka.Imishini eminingi yomsindo ekhokhelwayo isebenzisa ukuxhumana okunebhalansi.

Uxhumano lwesipika kufanele lusebenzise amasethi amaningi ezintambo zesipika ezimfishane ukuze kuncishiswe ukumelana nolayini.Ngenxa yokuthi ukumelana nomugqa kanye nokumelana okukhiphayo kwe-amplifier yamandla kuzothinta imvamisa ephansi ye-Q value yesistimu yesipika, izici zesikhashana zemvamisa ephansi zizoba zimbi kakhulu, futhi ulayini wokudlulisela uzokhiqiza ukuhlanekezela ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa kwezimpawu zomsindo.Ngenxa ye-capacitance esabalalisiwe kanye ne-inductance esabalalisiwe yolayini wokudlulisela, kokubili kunezici ezithile zokuvama.Njengoba isignali yakhiwe izingxenye eziningi zemvamisa, lapho iqoqo lezimpawu zomsindo elakhiwe izingxenye eziningi zemvamisa lidlula emugqeni wokudlulisela, ukubambezeleka nokuncishiswa okubangelwa izingxenye zemvamisa ehlukene kuhlukile, okuholela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlanekezela kwe-amplitude kanye nokuhlanekezela kwesigaba.Ngokuvamile, ukuhlanekezela kuhlala kukhona.Ngokwesimo sethiyori solayini wokudlulisela, isimo sokungalahleki se-R=G=0 ngeke sibangele ukuhlanekezela, futhi ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele nakho akunakwenzeka.Esimeni sokulahlekelwa okulinganiselwe, isimo sokudluliswa kwesignali ngaphandle kokuhlanekezelwa ngu-L/R=C/G, futhi ulayini wangempela wokudlulisa umfaniswano uhlala u-L/R.

6. Ukulungisa iphutha lesistimu

Ngaphambi kokulungiswa, qala usethe ijika leleveli yesistimu ukuze ileveli yesiginali yeleveli ngayinye ibe ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuguquguqukayo bedivayisi, futhi ngeke kube khona ukugunda okungekona umugqa ngenxa yeleveli yesiginali ephezulu kakhulu, noma ileveli yesiginali ephansi kakhulu ukubangela isignali. -ukuqhathanisa nomsindo Kubi, lapho usetha ijika lezinga lesistimu, ijika lezinga le-mixer libaluleke kakhulu.Ngemva kokusetha izinga, isici sefrikhwensi yesistimu singalungiswa.

Imishini yesimanje ye-electro-acoustic enekhwalithi engcono ngokuvamile inezici zefrikhwensi eyisicaba kububanzi obungu-20Hz-20KHz.Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuxhumeka kwamazinga amaningi, ikakhulukazi izikhulumi, kungenzeka zingabi nezici zefrikhwensi eyisicaba.Indlela yokulungisa enembe kakhulu i-pink noise-spectrum analyzer.Inqubo yokulungiswa yale ndlela iwukufaka umsindo ophinki kusistimu yomsindo, uwudlale kabusha ngesipika, futhi usebenzise imakrofoni yokuhlola ukuze ubambe umsindo endaweni engcono kakhulu yokulalela ehholo.Imakrofoni yokuhlola ixhunywe ku-spectrum analyzer, i-spectrum analyzer ingabonisa izici ze-amplitude-frequency zesistimu yomsindo wehholo, bese ilungisa ngokucophelela isilinganisi ngokuya ngemiphumela yesilinganiso se-spectrum ukwenza izici eziphelele ze-amplitude-frequency flat.Ngemuva kokulungiswa, kungcono ukuhlola amagagasi ezinga ngalinye nge-oscilloscope ukuze ubone ukuthi izinga elithile linokuphazamiseka kokunamathisela okubangelwa ukulungiswa okukhulu kwesilinganisi.

Ukuphazanyiswa kwesistimu kufanele kunake: i-voltage yokuphakelwa kwamandla kufanele izinzile;igobolondo ledivayisi ngayinye kufanele libekwe kahle ukuze livimbele i-hum;okokufaka kwesignali kanye nokuphumayo kufanele kulinganiswe;vimbela izintambo ezixekethile kanye nokushisela okungajwayelekile.