Ubuchwepheshe kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinhlelo zezipikha bekulokhu kuthuthukiswa kahle phakathi neminyaka edlule.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isimo sishintshile, futhi amasistimu wezipikha ezilandelanayo avele emidlalweni eminingi emikhulu kanye nokwenziwa emhlabeni.
Isistimu yesipikha ye-wire array ibizwa nangokuthi isipikha esibalulekile esiwumugqa.Izipikha eziningi zingahlanganiswa zibe yiqembu lesipikha esinobude obufanayo kanye nesigaba (uhlu) esibizwa ngokuthi isipikha samalungu afanayo.
Imigqa yomugqa amasethi amayunithi emisebe ahlelwe ngemigqa eqondile, esondelene futhi enobude obufanayo nesigaba.
Izipikha zomugqa womugqazisetshenziswa kabanzi, ezifana izinkambo, amakhonsathi, amatiyetha, opera izindlu nokunye.Ingakhanya futhi ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zobunjiniyela kanye nokusebenza kweselula.
Ukuqondisa kwesipikha somugqa wesikhulumi kuwumugqa omncane endizeni eqondile ye-eksisi eyinhloko, futhi i-superposition yamandla ingaphuma ebangeni elide.Ngenkathi ingxenye engezansi yengxenye egobile yekholomu ewumugqa ihlanganisa indawo eseduze, yenza i-proximal to coverage ekude.
Umehluko phakathi kwesistimu yesipika somugqa wamalungu afanayo nomsindo ojwayelekile
1. Ngokombono wesigaba, isipikha somugqa womugqa siyisipika esikude, kuyilapho isipikha esijwayelekile yisipika sebanga elifushane.
2, ngokombono wezikhathi ezisebenzayo, umsindo wezipikha zomugqa uqondile, ulungele ukunwetshwa komsindo wephathi enkulu yangaphandle, kuyilapho izikhulumi ezijwayelekile zifanelekela imikhosi yasendlini noma imisebenzi yasendlini.
Ngokombono wokumbozwa komsindo, iizikhulumi zomugqanomsindo obanzi, futhi izipikha eziningi zingahlanganiswa zibe iqembu lezikhulumi ezinobude obufanayo nesigaba.